I'm about to trace Stewarts of Brittany to southern Italy. Unbelievable, you say?

Ptolemy wrote: "Back below [i.e. south of] the Semnones the Silingae [of Silesia] have their seat...and below the Silingae the Calucones..."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silingi

The Calucones. The Helike Muses of mount Helicon? I believe that the Helikes were mythical Helix/Helios. I recall Britannica suggesting that "Heligoland" (off southern Denmark) was rooted in "Helios." I don't think that Helios, by that name, was anything in Scandinavia, but certainly He depicted a supreme peoples...who must have carried a Helios-like name. When I tied the term to the Halys river, it may have seemed like a wild guess to some readers, but I made the connection as I began to see the superiority of the Halybes. As the Khaldi=Celts and Galli=Gauls were among the Halybes, they certainly qualify to carry a term like "Calu(cones)." I'd suggest a trace of Calucones to Heligoland as per the following evidence: "the local population [of Heligoland] are ethnic Frisians who speak the Heligolandic dialect of the North Frisian language called Halunder." The "Halu" in that latter term matches "Calu(cones)," and these may just have been the founders of "Holland."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heligoland

As some say that the Salian Frank side of the Merovingians stemmed from Frisians, it may explain why the Arms of Friesland are two gold lions on blue. Then again, because the flag of Friesland uses red hearts on white, Friesland looks connected more directly to the history of Denmark...that used two blue lions on gold, and red hearts on white. See the nine hearts on the Arms of Denmark. I've yet to come across who used these symbols first, who borrowed from who, and why and when. The Arms of North Holland also use the two gold lions on blue, no doubt the same lions as those of Friesland, for the two territories overlapped historically.

The god of Heligoland, Forseti, is evasive until it's variation, "Fosite," is seen, which I recognize as bee-line Positano (south-west Italy). This Fosite-Positano connection is made more certain because, "Adam von Bremen identifies the 'Fosite island' with Heligoland. Fosite has been suggested to be a loan of Greek Poseidon..." Positano is likewise claimed to be named after Poseidon.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forseti

Fo(r)seti was made the son of the god, Balder, who I link to the so-called "Baldoran" branch of Stewarts (now extinct), perhaps explaining why the first-known Stewarts were Walters. I just hypothesized (in a recent chapter) a Flaad link to Harold (Bluetooth) Blaatand, king of the Danes (10th century AD), who lived in a period just prior to when the first Stewarts show up in Brittany. These italicized terms modify acceptably to "Balder," and "Flanders" (Dutch = "Vlaanderen") seems to fit well among these terms.

Because Balder was made to have Fosite as a son, I suspected that Balder should be an historical peoples stemming from southern Italy as well. Of help was the following quote from an article on Bruttium: "Brettos, son of Hercules and Valentia." She seems a possible root of Flanders. Surely, the myth writer was referring to Vibo Valentia, a real place in Calabria. The latter term evokes "Halybes," and "Valentia" evokes "Halunder." If, therefore, the Stewarts are from Fosite in Heligoland=Halunder, then Stewarts are also very likely connected to Flanders by an Halundar=Flanders equation.

The Arms of Vibo Valentia uses, not just a white pillar (of Hercules?) on blue, or a gold lion on red (the reverse of the Arms of North Holland), but a black cross on gold...the colors of Flanders.

But now see below the French Flamme surname (first found in Normandy), which includes such variations as Flamand/Flament/Flamont, even as the English Fleming surname includes Flament/Flement. Therefore, the gold and black of the Flamme Coat should connect to Flanders, and may even indicate that the Flamme surname is the original Flemming surname. The three spheres (heraldry-correct term = "roundels") should connect to the red roundels (on gold) of the Courtnay Coat, but more so to the gold roundels on black of the Courtauld Coat. However, I won't view the Flemmings/Flanders as Curetes as could be the of the Courtnay surname, for I am tracing Flanders to Sparta instead.

In the previous chapter I shared proof for what readers may have considered a wild theory at first, that Paris was founded by the Pari Gorgons of Parion (Mysia). Hopefully, I'll be just as lucky when tracing the Pari Muses to the Perigould peoples of Perigold, Aquitaine. My hypothesized Balder connection to Flanders, the Stewart connection to Flanders, and the Flanders connection to the Court- surnames, has me wondering if mythical Asgard, home of the Aesir sect of Scandinavians, was connected to the Court- surnames and/or the Perigourdins. For Balder was an Aesir.

It's interesting that the red and gold checks used by a Fleming Coat belong to what I view loosely as Vaux-branch Cohens, for the "Valibus" version of "Vaux" which can then modify to "Valimus," quite close to "Flamme." The Dutch version of "Fleming" is often "Vlaams." At a Welles-family website claiming equivalence to the Valibus surname, we see the Arms of Bishop Hugo de Welles (bottom of page), dated 1209, having two gold lions on red, a symbol used by Arms of Vibo Valentia. Gold lions on red belong also to Dordogne (i.e. Perigold), and by England. Therefore, the Vaux Cohens seem to be the root of England.

This bit of research has led me straight into the roots of the Washington surname: "Discussing and sharing of information regarding the Voss surname and variations (e.g. Vos, Vose) originating in the British Isles, where it goes back to c1400, its earlier forms Vaus/Vause/Vaux/Vaulx, and its Norman origins recorded in the Latin form of de Valibus.?" Note the "Vaulx" variation, confirming that "Fulk" is a variation of "Vaux."
http://lists.rootsweb.com/index/surname/v/voss.html

I believe I have found the origin of Flanders in Sparta, in the Spartans depicted by "Phalantos." He was the mythical founder of so-called "Parthenians" who moved to southern Italy, specifically to the Satyrion region of Apulia/Puglia:

"In Ancient Greece, the Partheniae or Parthenians...are a lower ranking Spartiate population which, according to tradition, left Laconia to go to Magna Graecia [i.e. southern Italy] and founded Taras, modern Taranto, in the current region of Apulia, in southern Italy."

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partheniae

One wonders if Laconia named Lucania between the Bruttii and Puglia (see map of Lucania). See "Blanda" north of Laus, and ask if this wasn't the link between Phalantos and Flanders. See "Buxentium" (alternatively "Pyxus") nearby and ask if this had anything to do with the Baux/Vaux, especially as Velia (i.e. evokes "Welles") is a city on what appears to be the "Hales" river. If there is a term that evokes "Halybes" near this Hales river, would you be convinced that the Halybes had moved to this region?

Above Buxentium, see the city of Paestum, anciently "Poseidonia," to be distinguished from Positano further to the north yet. Poseidonia and Positano are both in Salerno province, and the Arms of Salerno City uses four red bars/stripes (and three gold bars/stripes). Just as the Wassa Coat uses a star of David with its four red stripes on white, so too I find that there are three such Zionist stars in the Salerno-surname Coat(surname first found in Salerno, Italy). Is it a coincidence that the city of Eburum is off the Silarius river that named Salerno (still on the map of Lucania)???

Especially because Salerno is just north of Bruttium/Brucios, I feel that the Eburum peoples must have been some of the Eburovice/Ebroicum founders of York, and if so, herein must be the root of Zionist Freemasonry of Britain.

As Positano is said to be related to a "posa" term (meaning "house"), it evokes the English Posey/Pusey surname, using four red bars/stripes between three white ones. This convinces me that the Posey surname is a shortened form for Poseidon, and should therefore connect to Fosite. I'm more convinced because the Dutch Best/Beest Coat, reflecting Paestrum/Poseidon even better, likewise uses four red stripes between white ones (total of nine, however).

The French Bosey Coat, a variation of which is "Possot/Posset" -- i.e. very Fosite-like -- uses three gold suns on blue, aligning with the Helios behind "Heligoland" (Fosite was god of Heligoland). I checked the Pos Coat, and found a red lion on gold in the Dutch branch of the family, the symbol of North Holland = Friesland (Heligoland is off the coast of North Holland). The English Stewart Coat uses a red lion too, on a gold banner.

A Cohen link to these Poseidon-like surnames seems feasible enough, for we can find a decent comparison between the French Bosey/Posot Coat and the a gold sun on blue of the "Jewish" Cohen Coat. The latter also uses white stars on blue...perhaps linking to the American flag. Indeed, the French Bes Coat also uses for its prime symbol a single/central white star (a pentagram) on blue, which may certainly be a version of the Washington stars if the American flag's red and white stripes are indeed from the Wassa/Washington Coats.

I have been saying all along that the Hebrew-Rus mix leading to Rosicrucianism was root also to the Cohen surname, and that the Hebrew-Rus mix can be described in a single term, ancient "Cutha" or less-ancient "Goth." Therefore, see that the Goth-surname Coat is a white star of David on blue; thanks to Kathleen Bot____ for this revelation, a former Rosicrucian. I asked her why a Jewish family would have such a surname. We don't know. But the Zionist star on the Wassa Coat is likewise white, giving more reason to suggest that the stars on the American flag are indeed "Zionist" stars disguised.

Goths trace to the Edones of mythical Lycurgus of the Strymon river, where I root the Satyrs. Shouldn't this account for the founding of "Satyrion" (in Puglia) by the Phalantos Spartans? This reveals what must be true in order for me to be correct in tracing the dragon line of Lycurgus to another Lycurgus of Sparta, and then to Liguria (northern Italy): that the dragon line in southern Italy had first to move into northern Italy before founding the Franko-Norse dragon cult. I am all the happier with the veracity of this theory since I had linked this very Spartan migration into Liguria as pertaining to mythical Leda and her "children."

But recall my trace of the "Satyr" term to Amorites of pre-Jerusalem, at which point I realized that the Zionist star was their symbol i.e. not the symbol of Israelites. In fact, the five-pointed star is often made to depict a goat's head...perhaps for the reason that it is a depiction of Satyrs. But, then, perhaps the five-pointed star has been a subdued/masked "star of David" all along, to conceal Hebrew roots. Rosicrucians use both, and so did the Wassa/Washington and Vere families.

Assuming that Poseidon worshipers landed at Fosite, I'd trace them to mythical Taras, symbol of Tarento, for Taras was made the son of Poseidon. The Parthenians from mythical Phalantos, labeled "helots," afterward conquered Tarento, but as they were said by ancient writers to be Dorians, I'd view them likewise as a Taurus cult. But as the Parthenians included other descendants of Hellen who had lived at Messene, I trace them far back to the Mittani (who I say founded Methoni in Messene). The capital of Mittani was "Wassuganni/Vasukhani," evoking the "Voessgen/Vossing/Voessing" variations of the German Vos surname. This may have been a variation of "Pos," the root of "Poseidon." If I'm correct in my Wassa=Wassuganni equation, the Wassa/Washington surname is a version of "Poseidon."

In that picture, it must be possible to find Wassa members in Fosite/Heligoland and/or Flanders. And as the red and white of the Wassa Coat describes the Hohen branch of Cohens best, I'd seek Wassas living in Flanders that were tied with Hohens, for Hohens were at the root of the gold and black colors of Flanders, as we shall see. And so see the Flamme Coat again (what I'm sure was a version of "Flemming"), three gold roundels on black. Then see the Dutch Vassy Coat, three black roundels on white, and know that black is a Hohen color (as we shall see shortly), and that the Vassy surname can be proven to be a "Wassa" variation. Houseofnames.com tells that the Vassy surname was "First found in Holland, where the name became noted for its many branches in the region, each house acquiring a status and influence which was envied by the princes of the region."

I previously connected the Flanders lion to the Kyles for more reasons than the typically black color of the Kyles, and so see the gold and black Cole Coat and ask if those colors connect to the Cambells/Cammells since king Cole was of Camulodunum while the link at the gold and black Cambell/Campbell Coat tells that a variation of the surname is "Cammell." That has a striking similarity with "Cammel," father of Harold Blaatand/Bluetooth. In this picture, the Stewarts from Flaad of Brittany, if indeed Flaad was from Blaatand, were Cammels/Cambells, if indeed the Cambells derived from Blaatand's father.

The "p" version of the surname, Campbell, could have been the original, if I'm correct in tracing it to Campania of southern Italy. This trace is justified because Salerno was in Campania, while Posidonia is in Salerno...for which reason I will entertain a trace of Fosite-branch Stewarts also to Posidonia (as well as Positano a little further north). On the map of Lucania, you can also see Campso to the north of Eburum. Because I find excellent reason to trace the Campbell surname to Aquitaine (see below), it supports a connection of the Flamme roundels to the roundels of the Court- surnames (that I trace to Aquitaine). Remember, the roundels in the Courtnay Coat are red and gold, the colors of southern France, while the Courtauld Coat uses gold roundels on black (same as Flamme), and could therefore prove to be from a Court family in Flanders.

Now every color of roundel has its own official name in heraldry, red ones being "torteax." Gold roundels are besants: "The Arms of Cornwall depict a black shield containing 15 gold balls - known as besants. The history of the besants is that they were gold coins found in Byzantium." What if besants depict a Byzantine bloodline secretly? Couldn't this support my theory wherein I connect the Courtaulds of Aquitaine (who use the besants on a black shield) to Byzantium via Melissena?
http://www.shimbo.co.uk/culture/culture.htm

Remember, I tie Melissena to the Veres, while the Besant Coat is a Vere shield! Houseofnames.com tells that "The [Besant sur]name is derived from a coin called the byzantius, whose name is derived from the city of Byzantium, where they were minted." I'm suggesting that gold roundels denote a bloodline from Melissena and her Varangian husband, Inger, and that this bloodline was chiefly the Besant and Vere surnames.

Indeed, the red roundels on gold used by the Courtnays may just depict Inger because I read an article once (no longer online) that used "Red Sun" to describe Vladimir the Great, king of the Varangians in Kiev (1000ish AD)...whom I suspect were descendants of Inger (born 800-850). Note how "Vlad(imir) evokes "Flaad/Blaat." The colors of Byzantium were red and gold, wherefore Inger may have borrowed them there, for he was a military guard in Byzantium (i.e. his army's service was bought by Byzantine emperors, and the "fee" may have been Melissena's hand in marriage).

Isn't it amazing that, by no plan of my own, I did a study of coins belonging to Byzantine emperors just two chapters ago? Does the reader recall why I was delving into this study? To find which family the "checkers" (the round "men" as per the game of checkers) belonged to, appearing on some of those coins!!! Apparently, the checkers were besants. I implied then that the checkers were the root of the Cohens of western Europe. First and foremost, therefore, should be the red and gold checks, and the blue and gold checks (also Byzantine colors, of the Amorian emperors), and only after that should I expect blue and white checks, as well as red and silver/white, to stem forth as the Cohens and Hohens respectively.

The besants may also be depictions of the golden halo placed behind the heads of Byzantine emperors, which many realize was a symbol, not of the Son of God, but of the pagan sun god. In any case, the besants may have become the symbol of Cornwall in that the first English Stewarts were found in Devonshire (Cornwall). The red-roundel Courtnays were "First found in Devonshire."

The Shropshire Stewarts are regarded as the (royal) Scottish branch, for they soon after moved to Scotland...and seized Bute. See the six black roundels on white of the Button/Butone Coat, probably related to the proto-Washingtons in that the Dutch Vassy Coat uses three black roundels on white. There is a very good chance, therefore, that the real name of the Stewarts was a Wassa variation. I recall my previous theory, that the Stewarts were Sinclairs; but now it is becoming apparent that the Vassy family married the Sinclairs, as the English Vassy Coat will verify. This inter-marriage likely occurred at least as early as the Conqueror, for one of his guardians was a Ralph de Wacy; see that the Wacy Coat is also the Wassa Coat!! That is, "Wacy" is a variation of "Wassa."

Now the green ring in the Vassy Crest is the same as the ring in the Bert Crest, noting the red and white colors in the Bert Coat (same colors as Vassy). Believing that Pollocks were Berts (not only because the two families shared the three bugles, but because Pollocks derived from a Filbert), see the three red stars on white in the chief of the Black Coat. I've assuming that the Black surname is a variation of "Pollock," and the reason for citing the three red stars on white is that they are also in the chief of the Washington Coat...meaning that these stars could have belonged first to the Wassa/Vassy surname. That is, the earliest Washingtons were related to the Pollocks, explaining the green ring found in both the Vassy and Bert Crests. Rings were magical features of some importance both in Tolkien codes and in Melusine myth.

The Arms of Gironde (a department in Aquitaine) are a blue and white version of the Cambell/Campbell Coat!! The Campbells are said to have lived first at Argyllshire, the same general region to which the Stewarts of Shropshire moved. Therefore, if Stewarts were Campbells, the blue and white Stewart checks may derive from Campbells from Gironde. Are you with me? The Cohen blue and white checks may derive from Gironde! This is fully expected since I now seek the blue and white checks as a stem from the blue and gold checks, the latter of which should originate in the Aquitaine-Lusignan territory held by the bloodlines of Inger and Melissena. The Arms of Lusignan used blue and white bars.

Both the Campbell and Pollock Crests are gold boars, but as blue-boar Veres and Stewarts were so close as to make Nicholas de Vere proclaim that Stewarts are today the rightful heirs to the British throne (this is part of the Holy-Grail theme in modern days), and as , I would suggest that "Blaatand/Bluetooth" could be an allusion to the tusk of a blue-boar bloodline: the Veres included.

There was a location in Normandy called "Campe," where the Camp surname derived, and so see the English Camp Coat, three gold heads of griffins (= dragons with eagle features) on black background, thereby making feasible a connection to the Campbells (who also use black and gold). The Dutch Camp Coat uses the white head of an eagle on red, and should for that reason connect to the English Camps. The white Sinclair cross on red of the English Vassy Coat now comes to bear, for as I'm conjecturing that Stewarts were from the stock of Vassy, so a Vassy connection to the Camps tends to give that idea some support.

In turn, these families should connect with the German Camps because they use a white (chevron-like) symbol on red. These colors may tie to Brandenburg-Hohens using a red eagle on white. The English Stewart Coat may apply to these Hohens, essentially a red lion on white. Indeed, Wikipedia displays the Arms of the Cambell Chief, using red lions as supporters, but compare the quartered design there with the alternate-Scottish Stewart Coat. The article says that the origin of the Campbell name is controversial.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clan_Campbell

Now look at the English as well as German Post Coats, and assume that the name derives from Fosite/Positano. See that we have a white lion on blue, which I would connect to the Stewart checks (due to my tracing of Stewarts to Fosite). I would for that reason and more conjecture that the Cohens (who I claim put forth the Stewarts) were from Positano>Fosite elements. The Dutch Post Coat uses the same colors but with a bugle/cornucopia.

That I have Cohens deriving from both Lusignan and southern Italy is not a problem, but more like the mother of holy-grail revelations. I have no problem connecting southern Italy to France now, wherefore I draw a migratory line from Positano and/or Posidonia to Lusignan, which line includes proto-Camps/Campbells from Campania and/or Compsa to blue and white Gironde (Aquitaine). Then enter Melissena into Lusignan, as per the myth wherein a Melusine was a dragon lady of Lusignan, and she marries into the royal Camps. As Melissena had ancestry in Khazar kagans, this can explain the formation of the Cohen=Kagan surname among the Camps. Byzantium's checker design could thereby be transferred to the Cohens. They move to the Netherlands, and the design of one branch becomes a windmill, as per the Campbell coat. The Hohens develop there, forming red and white checks, but also using black from a very early period. Below I'll show that Hohens were one with black and gold Flanders, which must have led to a black and gold Campbell windmill. The blue and gold checks of Nassau also develop in Holland. And so on, various colors of checkered Shields, all ancestors of the Cohens=Kagans.

The blue lion on white of the Bruces (then "Brusi") also developed in the Flanders region (at and around Bruges and Leuven), and it's interesting that myth writers thought to make "Pressina" the mother of Melusine, as though they understood her bloodline to be the formation of the Bruces. It's certainly possible that in those days, Brecios/Bruttium included the coast of what is now southern Campania.

After being ousted from Lusignan, mythical Melusine retreated, it was said, to Sassenage in the Rodano-Alps (Redone country), which we can presume was the place where her distant kin were then living. That is, she had come from the Rodano-Alps (also "Rhone-Alpes") region in the first place, though not Melissena herself, but the peoples that Melissena married. You see, once an idol in the family is set up, the ancestry from his/her spouse is also made sacred. And so behold that "Bresse is...a former province. It is located in the Rhone-Alpes region between Bourgogne [Burgundy] and Jura," Shouldn't Bresse be Pressina, the mother???

I therefore imagine that the children of historical Melissena married Bruttii descendants associated with the Rodano-Alps, and that this was the same basic Redone peoples as depicted mythical king Arthur of earlier centuries...explaining why mythical Melusine was located also at Avalon (Scotland). I say this because I am certain that Arthur depicted Redones, but behold that in central Campania is the province of Avellino!!
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avellino_Province.

Recall that Merovingians trace from mythical Merops of Ethiopia to Autun, France. Is it a concidence that there is yet another Avallon just north of Autun? It's not a coincidence that Autun was in Burgundy. Autun is very close to Bresse. It would appear, therefore, that Melusine was associated with Avallon in Burgundy, though the mythical Avalon in Britain is expected to be a settlement of Avallon. Tolkien used "Avallone" to describe Avalon on "Eressea," which place I identified easily as Rothesay (now Bute).

Let me now repeat that Melusine's husband (Raymond of Lusignan) came to belong to a mountain called, Brandelois (website below). This is precisely in line with my (totally independent) line from Lusignan to Flanders to the Hohens of Brandenburg.
http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/melusina.html

Now look at the English Branden Coat, having not only the two red Washington bars on white, but also a gold lion covered with 13 black roundels. Remember, black roundels were also on the Dutch Vassy Coat. Why 13 roundels? Did these depict the foundation of the United States? I wouldn't be asking if I were not so certain that the families depicted in the Branden Coat were connected to the Washington surname. The German version of the Branden surname was Brandel, evoking mythical Brandelois above, Melusine's husband. The Brandel Coat has color similarity with the Brent Coat.

Mythical Melusine was found by her husband at Colombiers. Could this be the root of the District of Columbia i.e. Washington DC? There are many Colombiers, but the one in Dordogne may prove significant here. I was just about to leave the Wikipedia Colombiers page when I happened to click "Colombier, in Neuchâtel canton" (western Switzerland), just in case it was pertinent, and found that the Neuchatel canton uses the red triple chevron on white! But no surprise, after all, since it's on the black Hohenzollern eagle. See Arms of Neuchatel. The Hohenzollern eagle at the website below has an emblem on its breast that is the very design, and so far as I can see the same color scheme, as the banner representing the House of Vasa, of Sweden (1523-1654). It was when I discovered this that I was led to the Vassy surname, though I have not yet sought a connection between them. This does agree with what some say, that the Washington surname traces to Sweden.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Vasa

Another version of the myth (same webpage above) has Melusine in Baden Germany, and yet another as wife of the founding of Luxemburg. All versions could be true, for she depicts a bloodline. Yet another version on the same webpage has her married in Staufenberg, while the Hohenstaufens were from what is now Baden-Württemberg, you see. There is one Staufenberg in Hesse, and one in Saxony (both in Germany).

Germany was re-structured after WWI (1919) as the "Weimar Republic" = the The German Reich. At a forum webpage below, I found what looks to be an anti-Jewish cartoon, dated Novemeber 9, 1918, with the black Weimar eagle dressed as a Jew, and underneath it reading, "Arms of German Jews." Apparently, the black Hohen eagle was recognized as a "Jewish" and/or Zionist symbol. The Weimer black eagle has similarity to the above, but can only be viewed as a rough copy of the Hohen eagle, or may even be an old version of a Hohen eagle. Here is the black Hohen Eagle design as it appears on the Arms of Prussia, but to show that the design changed over time and/or gepography, see the Hohen eagle in the flag of Hohenzollern-Hechingen and Sigmaringen.
http://forum.axishistory.com/viewtopic.php?t=18527&sid=c6ab6a72d9b18c689eaf15b7315bae30
http://www.netlinkit.dk/fotw/flags/de1919.html

See the black lion on gold that is Arms of Weimar, with red hearts surrounding the lion, evoking the Danish lions. The Hohens of Flanders also used a black lion on gold, though of a different design.
http://www.thueringen.de/de/regional/herald/index.html